Lenin in the twilight In Krytyka, No. 2 (4), 2001, pp. 28-29.

The article shows the dictatorial tendencies in Vladimir Lenin's politics. It is argued that researchers often underestimate the totalitarian nature of the core principles of Bolshevism and idealize the figure of Lenin, contrasting him with the totalitarian leader Stalin. To solve this problem, the author proposes to shift the focus from the theoretical works of Russian communists to historical facts. He refers to the biography of Lenin written by Dmitrii Volkohonov and to Richard Pipes' work The Unknown Lenin: From the Secret Archive, which portrays Lenin as a politician prone to using inhumane methods.