Holy Wars, Passion and Reason In Krytyka, No. 11 (49), 2001, pp. 4-6.

The article is a Ukrainian translation of Umberto Eco’s publication Le guerre sante passione e ragione (2001), translated from Italian by Mariana Prokopovych. The article emphasises that political statements about the superiority of Western culture over others contradict with Western values. The author addresses the issues of cultural anthropology and emphasizes that the criteria for evaluating cultures are formed on the basis of a value system that is perceived as self-evident and integral. The article highlights the key values of Western civilization: pluralism, as the ability to be tolerant of cultural differences, and critical thinking, as the ability to question both one's own and others' values.