Nationality and the state: Kyiv-Vienna, Dzvin, 1919, 126 p.

The work consists of two sections – «Nationality» and «State» – which are part of the original work Nationality, State, Socialism, which was never published. In the first section, the author analyzes the concept of «nationality», examining its elements – language and culture. The work also analyzes historical types of nationality and presents the author's vision of the prospects for this phenomenon in the context of socialist ideas. Levynskyi rejects the concept of a single universal state, arguing that the historical progress of humanity is ensured by the differentiation of national languages and cultures.

The second section examines the genesis of the state and its main historical types. The author pays particular attention to the presentation of key theories of state justification, in particular the ideas of Machiavelli, Hobbes, Rousseau, and Montesquieu. The relationship between the state and nationality is examined through the prism of different forms of statehood: the nation state, the state of nationalities (federal model), and the imperialist state.

The concluding part of the work presents reflections on socialism, which, according to Levynskyi, is called upon to realize the national will of each people. Only under such conditions is true brotherhood of peoples possible, and cosmopolitanism acquires meaningful content.