Form for science. In Krytyka, No. 7-8 (117-118), 2007, pp. 14-18.

The article is devoted to a historical overview of the organization of scientific institutions from the 17th century to the present, and to a comparison of the Western and Russian contexts. The author identifies the following key events:

1. The emergence of academies of sciences as centers of experimental science in Europe, in opposition to universities. In Russia, the Academy of Sciences appeared earlier than universities and became the highest scientific institution.
2. The formation of research universities during the Humboldtian reform and the end of the academies of sciences' monopoly over the development of experimental science in Europe. The concentration of fundamental research in the Academy of Sciences of Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution.
3. The emergence of non-teaching research institutes due to the increased workload of researcher-lecturers. In the USSR, theoretical science was pursued by the former imperial Academy of Sciences, which ensured the preservation of scholars' research potential as well as their isolation from interaction with students.
4. A return to the idea of research universities as a more effective model for conducting scientific research.

In conclusion, the author emphasizes the distinctiveness of the current scientific organization in Russia, characterized by the de facto merging of managerial and research functions in the work of scholars at the Academy of Sciences.