The real source of atheism: Lviv, Printed by the author, 1935, 47 p.

The work examines the features of the formation of atheism as a worldview and its relationship with religion and science. The author emphasizes that atheism is a form of belief grounded in a sense of "nothingness," of "grey everydayness." In the author's view, this feeling arises from a practical mode of perceiving the world, which presupposes a mechanistic (materialist) determinacy of the world. Religion, too, is grounded in belief. However, since atheism does not impose obligations on the individual, it is not a religion, even though it is based on belief. At the same time, religion is characterized by a sense of the mystical meaning of being-life – an "oceanic" feeling, which is sustained through an appeal to reason. The author links the spread of atheism to the progress of modern natural science, which, although it did not deny God, opened up a boundless material world. Its image satisfies the need for a developed, rich worldview in one's practical relation to the world. The author argues that atheism and science cannot be sufficiently consistent to provide a convincing mechanistic explanation for the purposiveness of the world, the existence of human reason, and morality. In conclusion, the author emphasizes that atheism, spread through the Bolshevik revolution, compromised itself: in attempting to destroy religion, it instead contributed to its revival.